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Order of Flemish Militants
The Vlaamse Militanten Orde (''Flemish Militants Order'' in Dutch) or VMO – originally Vlaamse Militanten Organisatie (''Flemish Militants Organisation'') – was a Flemish nationalist activist group in Belgium defending far-right interests by propaganda and political action. Established in 1949, in 1954 they would help to found the Volksunie (VU), a Belgian political party. The links between the extremist VMO and the VU lessened as the party moved towards the centre. Later the VMO would become linked to neo-Nazism and a series of paramilitary attacks on immigrants and leftists.
== Foundation and early years ==
In the years following the end of World War II, Flemish nationalists often fell victim in anti-Nazi rallies, manifestations and riots because of their anti-Belgicism and because the entire Flemish movement was discredited by military, political and economic collaboration with the Germans during World War II.〔Cas Mudde, ''The Ideology of the Extreme Right'', Manchester University Press, 2000, pp. 82-83〕 The only outlets for organised Flemish nationalism were charitable groups dedicated to war veteran care or the Christian People's Party which, whilst not avowedly nationalist, did have a significant separatist wing.〔Mudde, ''Ideology of the Extreme Right'', p. 83〕
However the VMO was founded in 1949 by Bob Maes, as part of a wave of Flemish nationalist groups that emerged that year, including Vlaamse Concentratie (''Flemish Concentration'', VC).〔 VMO was in fact initially established as a steward group for the VC.〔Paul Hainsworth, ''The Extreme Right in Europe and the USA'', Pinter, 1992, p. 131〕 The group sought the creation of an independent Flanders. Soon, the VMO started expanding and turned into a full-size paramilitary organization, a state within the state. Between 1950 and 1970, the VMO was heavily criticized but nevertheless tolerated by the Belgian Department of Justice. On 14 December 1953 however, 16 individual VMO members were convicted for the possession of forbidden weapons earlier that year. The VMO itself was not convicted (since it was impossible back then to prosecute a group on penal grounds, only individuals)..〔Hugo Gijsels, ''Le Vlaams Block'', Editions Luc Pire, p. 124, 1993〕
In 1954 the VMO became associated with the Christian Flemish People's Union and the more formal alliance of the VU that followed this group that same year.〔 The VMO soon took over much of the propaganda and stewarding work for the VU although relations between the two groups became increasingly strained as the VU moved further towards a centrist position and the VMO hardened its rightist attitudes.〔Mudde, ''Ideology of the Extreme Right'', p. 84〕 A formal schism between the two organisations was announced in October 1963.〔
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